Exploration of Durian Seed (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Extract as a Natural Phytobiotic to Enhance Broiler Productivity

Abstract

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) seed extract as a natural phytobiotic on the growth performance, body morphometry, and visceral organ ratios of broiler chickens under heat-stress conditions. A total of 200 Lohmann-strain broilers were divided into five treatment groups (n = 40 birds per group): P0 (control) and P1–P4, which received 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mL/L of durian seed extract in drinking water from day 14 to day 35. Parameters observed included body weight, morphometric traits (body length, chest circumference, shank length), and visceral organ ratios (spleen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum). Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test at P ≤ 0.05. Statistically significant improvements (P < 0.05) were observed in body weight, chest circumference, shank length, and intestinal organ ratios among treated groups compared with the control. The P4 group (2.5 mL/L) showed the highest body weight (1,269.55 ± 39.48 g), significantly greater than the control group (1,133.56 ± 48.22 g). Significant increases were also found in jejunum ratio (1.623%) and ileum ratio (1.227%) in the higher-dose groups (P3–P4). It is concluded that durian seed extract enhances growth, metabolism, and intestinal development, mainly through its antioxidant compounds that neutralize free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and protect intestinal and metabolic tissues from cellular damage. These improvements are attributed to the extract’s bioactive components flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and vitamin C which act as natural antioxidants, supporting its potential as a sustainable phytobiotic for tropical poultry production.

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