Abnormal uterine bleeding among injected depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate and levonorgestrel implant: a prospective cohort study

Abstract

Objective.This study aims to analyze the relationship between depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection and Levonorgestrel (LNG) implant toward abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), a crucial aspect of women's health and contraceptive methods. Materials and Methods.A rigorous cohort prospective study was conducted at several healthcare facilities from August 2023 to February 2024.The study included 122 women who underwent contraceptive methods such as DMPA or implants.It utilized a comprehensive observational method for assessing abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) through questionnaires and the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC).Demographic and clinical data were meticulously extracted from medical records. Results.In both groups, most samples had an incidence of AUB in six and nine months of use.The most common type of AUB was amenorrhea in six and nine months of use.However, there was no significant difference in AUB incidence between the DMPA injection and Levonorgestrel implant group at six months (ARR 0.632, 95% CI: 0.265-1.506)and nine months of observation (ARR 0.081, 95% CI: 0.360-1.786).Conclusions.The use of DMPA injections and Levonorgestrel implants as contraceptives has a similar long-term side effect profile regarding the incidence of AUB.The present findings can serve as a basis for considering the appropriate contraceptive method for women of reproductive age.

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