Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic Flow Control Using Vortex Generator on a Vehicle Model

Abstract

Abstract Minibuses experience high aerodynamic drag due to their bluff-body geometry, which causes early flow separation and large wake formation. This study examines the use of triangular-shaped vortex generators to reduce drag on a simplified minibus model using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. The model, a 1:6 scaled reversed Ahmed body, was equipped with triangular-shaped vortex generators at angles of attack of 0° to 45°. Numerical simulations with upstream velocity of 22.2 m/s were conducted under steady, incompressible, and turbulent conditions with the standard k–ε model. The baseline model showed a high drag coefficient, driven by strong suction and a large wake. The triangular-shaped vortex generators applied to the model generate streamwise vortices that delay separation, recover the base pressure, and significantly lowered the drag coefficient. The optimal configuration at 40° achieved a 7.66% reduction and improved the base pressure coefficient. Beyond this angle of attack, the vortices start to break down, and their effectiveness is reduced. These results highlight the triangular-shaped vortex generators as a cost-effective, energy-efficient drag reduction method with the potential to enhance vehicle fuel economy.

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