Geospatial codistribution of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus in Indonesia

Abstract

Spatial analysis revealed significant regional variations, with high TB-DM co-distribution observed in rapidly urbanizing and high-poverty districts, including parts of West Java, East Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan in Indonesia. These findings emphasize the need for strengthened TB-DM integration in healthcare services, especially in areas that have a high prevalence of both diseases. Strengthening integrated disease management strategies in local areas can help mitigate the burden of both TB and DM in Indonesia, particularly given likely low case detection and health care access in lower income regions.

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