Soil properties of natural stands of Diospyros celebica in South Sulawesi, Indonesia and their management implications

Abstract

Abstract. Paembonan SA, Millang S, Allo MK, Suhartati S, Najib NN, Ura’ R, Arty B, Makkasau AR. 2026. Soil properties of natural stands of Diospyros celebica in South Sulawesi, Indonesia and their management implications. Asian J For 10 (1): r100112. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100112. This study aimed to characterize the variability of soil physical and chemical properties supporting Diospyros celebica (ebony) in three natural habitats across South Sulawesi (Maros, Barru, and Sidrap) and to interpret their implications for habitat management and species regeneration. Sampling points were determined at three representative positions within each 1×1 m observation plot. Soil samples were collected from three depth intervals: 0-30 cm (Layer I), 31-60 cm (Layer II), and 61-90 cm (Layer III). Field soil samples were collected from natural stands in each district and analyzed for texture, bulk density, porosity, permeability, pH, organic carbon, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) following standard procedures. The results revealed distinct spatial variation among districts. Soils in Maros were coarse-textured (sandy clay to sandy loam) with very rapid permeability (51.25±3.17 cm hour-¹), reflecting high macroporosity and low water-holding capacity. In contrast, Barru soils were fine-textured (clay and silty clay) with slow permeability (1.80±0.42 cm hour-¹), strongly acidic pH (4.84), and low organic matter content (2.03%). Sidrap soils had intermediate textures and moderate permeability (2.30±0.38 cm hour-¹), a moderately acidic pH (5.89), and the highest CEC (18.44 cmol(+)/kg), indicating better nutrient retention. These findings demonstrate that soil texture, organic matter, and pH collectively regulate water balance and nutrient availability, key factors influencing the growth and distribution of D. celebica. These findings emphasize that soil texture, organic matter, and pH collectively regulate water balance and nutrient availability, key factors for the growth and establishment of D. celebica.

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