Histone deacetylase 1 analysis as a diagnostic marker in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) has emerged as a promising prognostic biomarker in various cancers, including NSCLC, due to its role in epigenetic regulation and gene expression. The aim of this study was to assess HDAC1 levels in NSCLC patients to evaluate its potential as a diagnostic marker.METHODS: This retrospective observational study analyzed HDAC1 levels in bronchial wash and serum samples from 115 adult patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Indonesia, including 79 NSCLC patients and 36 controls with non-malignant lung conditions. HDAC1 levels was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses, including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluation, were conducted to assess HDAC1’s diagnostic accuracy and its associations with clinical characteristics, such as smoking status, comorbidities, and cancer stage.RESULTS: HDAC1 levels in bronchial wash samples were significantly elevated in NSCLC patients compared to controls, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.885, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. Serum HDAC1 levels did not show significant differences between groups. HDAC1 levels correlated with advanced metastasis stages, suggesting a potential role in NSCLC progression.CONCLUSIONS: Elevated HDAC1 levels in bronchial wash, but not serum, indicate that bronchial wash HDAC1 is a more sensitive diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC. Further studies are needed to confirm HDAC1’s utility across lung cancer subtypes and to explore its role in targeted therapy strategies.

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