# Evaluation of malnutrition at hospital admission using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria: comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis and calf circumference for muscle mass assessment
> Susetyowati S.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105030983348
Jurnal / Konferensi: British Journal of Nutrition
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114525106004
ISSN: 00071145
Kuartil SJR: Q1
Citations: 1

## Authors
- Susetyowati S.

## Abstract
Abstract The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) provides a consensus-based diagnostic framework for malnutrition in hospitalised patients, which includes at least one phenotypic and one aetiologic criterion. In GLIM, appendicular skeletal muscle based on bioelectrical impedance analysis (ASM BIA ) and calf circumference (CC) are two common techniques for muscle mass assessment, but their accuracy remains debated. Therefore, the present study evaluates the prevalence of malnutrition upon hospital admission applied by GLIM criteria and mainly compares the effectiveness of ASM BIA and CC. We screened a total of 605 patients from four hospitals in Indonesia (August–October 2024). Multivariate logistic regression analysed associations with clinical outcomes. Prevalence of malnutrition was 72·7 % using three phenotypes, 55·9 % with two phenotypes, 22·1 % via ASM BIA and 62·6 % using CC. Significant associations ( P < 0·05) were found between malnutrition and weight loss, BMI, mid-upper arm circumference, handgrip strength, sarcopenia and fat-free mass index. For all criteria combinations, sensitivity was greater in CC (86·1 %), followed by two phenotypes (76·8 %), while the ASM BIA had the poorest sensitivity (30·5 %). All GLIM-based diagnostic methods correlated with malnutrition risk screening and nutrition status indicators. The GLIM criteria provide a standardised, clinically relevant approach for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalised patients, with CC emerging as a highly sensitive assessment to examine muscle mass.

## Keywords
- Malnutrition
- Bioelectrical impedance analysis
- Medicine
- Sarcopenia
- Logistic regression
- Anthropometry
- Circumference
- Intensive care medicine
- Multivariate analysis
- Hospital admission
- Cross-sectional study
- Muscle mass
- Physical therapy
- Body mass index
- Pediatrics
- Kwashiorkor
- Malnutrition in children
- Emergency medicine
- Hand strength
- Grip strength
- Nutrition Disorders
- Body weight
- Clinical nutrition
- Severe Acute Malnutrition

---
Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
Saat mengutip, gunakan DOI bila tersedia atau URL kanonis di atas.