# Association of Nuclear Factor-κB Expression with Hormone Receptor Status, HER2, and Histopathological Grade in Advanced Breast Cancer
> Arpollos M.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105030562369
Jurnal / Konferensi: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2026.11.1.25-31
ISSN: 25883682
Kuartil SJR: Q4
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Arpollos M.

## Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, is a key driver of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. This study evaluates the association between NF-κB expression and established biomarkers in advanced breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and its network hospitals in Makassar, Indonesia, from April to September 2024. We assessed the association between NF-κB expression (determined by immunohistochemistry) and clinicopathological features in 41 patients with advanced (Stage III and IV) breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of NF-κB, ER, PR, and HER2. Associations were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test and multivariable logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A majority of tumors were estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (56.1%), progesterone receptor (PR)-negative (61.0%), and HER2-positive (53.7%). NF-κB positivity was observed in 33/41 patients (80.5%). HER2 positivity was strongly associated with NF-κB positivity (OR = 24.5, 95% CI [2.5, 238.9]; p = 0.012, Fisher’s Exact Test). No significant associations were observed with ER, PR, or histopathological grade. Conclusion: This study identifies a strong and independent association between nuclear NF-κB p65 expression and HER2 positivity in a cohort of patients with advanced (Stage III/IV) breast cancer. Further large-scale, prospective studies are warranted to validate the role of NF-κB as a candidate prognostic biomarker and to explore its utility as a therapeutic target in HER2-positive breast cancer.

## Keywords
- Medicine
- Breast cancer
- Oncology
- Internal medicine
- Estrogen receptor
- Logistic regression
- Odds ratio
- Immunohistochemistry
- Progesterone receptor
- Confidence interval
- Hormone receptor
- Carcinogenesis
- Cancer
- Biomarker
- Cohort
- Nuclear receptor
- Prospective cohort study
- Cohort study
- Estrogen
- Hormone
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Gynecology
- Incidence (geometry)
- Receptor
- Clinical trial

---
Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
Saat mengutip, gunakan DOI bila tersedia atau URL kanonis di atas.