Correlation and Diagnostic Utility of the Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test (FRSTS) for Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Balance Assessment in Older Adults in Indonesia

Abstract

The Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test (FRSTS) is a simple functional assessment for lower limb performance, but its di-agnostic value for muscle strength and balance in Indonesian elderly remains underexplored. This study aims to exa-mine the association between FRSTS and lower limb strength and balance and also to determine cut-off points for pre-dicting functional impairment in elderly. This cross-sectional study included 83 community-dwelling elderly in Makas-sar, Indonesia. FRSTS completion time was measured and correlated with lower limb muscle strength assessed by handheld dynamometer and balance assessed by Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify its diagnostic utilization. FRSTS completion time (mean score = 11.60 ± 3.55 seconds) in-versely correlated with lower limb muscle strength especially hip flexor and ankle dorsoflexor. Shorter completion time of FRSTS also correlates to balance, with stronger associations for BBS dynamic subscore than BBS static subscore. ROC analysis showed significant predictive values for lower limb muscle strength with optimum cut-off value <11.99 se-conds (AUC = 0.663, Sensitivity = 64%, Specificity = 63%). FRSTS is a valid, practical tool for evaluating lower limb func-tion and balance in elderly. The identified cut-off points offer useful screening thresholds for early detection of lower limb muscle strength.

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