# Mechanical and sustainability assessment of sugarcane bagasse ash and polypropylene fiber in Class C fly ash geopolymer concrete
> Fakhruddin

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105024937016
Jurnal / Konferensi: Results in Engineering
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108724
ISSN: 25901230
Kuartil SJR: Q1
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Fakhruddin

## Abstract
• Partial replacement of fly ash with 5–10 % SCBA improved compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of geopolymer concrete. • 5 % SCBA achieves highest compressive and tensile strengths with improved matrix density. • 10 % SCBA shows maximum flexural strength in ambient-cured GPC. • UPV and SEM results show that SCBA-based geopolymer concrete exhibits a denser microstructure with diminished internal defects. • Sustainability ratios indicate 5 % SCBA for strength-to-cost and strength-to-carbon efficiency. This study investigates the combined effect of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and polypropylene (PP) fibers in Class C fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) under ambient curing, focusing on mechanical performance, microstructural behavior, and eco-efficiency. Mixes with 0 %, 5 %, and 10 % SCBA were evaluated, and the results show that SCBA-5 substitution produced the optimum balance of properties, with compressive strength improving by 41 % at 28 days, splitting tensile strength by 29 %, and fracture energy by 56 % compared with the control. Meanwhile, SCBA-10 enhanced flexural strength by 9.3 %, although this was accompanied by higher brittleness. SEM and UPV analyses revealed that SCBA-5 refined the pore structure, strengthened fiber-matrix bonding, and improved crack resistance, whereas SCBA-10 exhibited clustered gel phases and larger pores that restricted further benefits. Sustainability analysis demonstrated that SCBA-5 improved the strength-to-embodied carbon ratio by 52 % and the strength-to-cost ratio by 53 %, while achieving a 25–30 % reduction in embodied CO₂ emissions compared with Portland cement concretes of similar grade. This is the first study to integrate SCBA with PP fibers in Class C FA-based GPC under ambient curing, directly linking mechanical behavior, microstructure, and eco-efficiency. The findings indicate that SCBA substitution up to 5 % with PP fibers is most suitable for structural applications requiring enhanced tensile performance, toughness, and reduced environmental impact, offering a scalable pathway for sustainable construction in sugar-producing regions.

## Keywords
- Flexural strength
- Geopolymer
- Fly ash
- Materials science
- Ultimate tensile strength
- Compressive strength
- Polypropylene
- Composite material
- Portland cement
- Fiber
- Bagasse
- Microstructure
- Cement
- Composite number
- Fracture (geology)
- Properties of concrete
- Izod impact strength test
- Mortar
- Carbon fibers
- Embodied energy
- Raw material

---
Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
Saat mengutip, gunakan DOI bila tersedia atau URL kanonis di atas.