Analysis of the ecosystem pressure index of the Asahan Toba watershed using spatial analysis and multiple regression

Abstract

Abstract Forest ecosystems and the environment are closely intertwined, as they are essential to the survival of life within them and, ultimately, to human life. Along with increasing activities in the Asahan Toba watershed, concerns have arisen about environmental damage that could threaten ecosystem functions and the sustainability of natural resources. Therefore, a study is needed to provide a comprehensive assessment of current environmental conditions. One approach is to use the ecological pressure index. This research aims to determine and analyze the ecological pressure index in the Asahan Toba watershed, providing a basis for developing sustainable environmental management policies. This research was conducted by creating a population density map using IDW, a road density map using Line density, and Income per capita categorized by business fields, all divided by the district/city’s total population. Multiple linear regression analysis using variables of population density, road density, and Income per capita against NDVI. Weighting was performed using the regression results, including standardized coefficients (Beta), and the pressure index was calculated for each sub-district. The study shows that environmental pressure levels in the study area vary across sub-districts. Areas such as Paranginan, Balige, Ajibata, Pintu Pohan Meranti, Bandar Pasir Mandoge, Pulo Bandring, Rahuning, Tinggi Raja, Buntu Pane, Kota Kisaran Barat and Timur, and Tanjung Balai Utara, Selatan, and Tanjung Balai overall showed high total environmental pressure scores.

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