# Relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 level and anophthalmic socket contracture grading: a cross-sectional study
> Handayani I.T.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105022471662
Jurnal / Konferensi: Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio Per Le Scienze Mediche
Tahun terbit: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S0393-3660.24.05713-9
ISSN: 03933660
Kuartil SJR: Q4
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Handayani I.T.

## Abstract
BACKGROUND: High recurrence levels of orbital socket contractures result in the requirement for repeated reconstructive surgeries. The specific tissue responsible for the clinical abnormality of socket contractures has not been identified; however, overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 may lead to prolonged wound healing and inflammation. This study aimed to establish the correlation between matrix metalloproteinase-9 level and anophthalmic socket contracture degree.METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed patients diagnosed with anophthalmic sockets who were at least six weeks post-evisceration or post-enucleation. The Gopal Krishnan criteria were used for socket grading. Tear samples were collected and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels were measured using the Schirmer Test. The Mann-Whitney Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test or unpaired t-test were used and the test results were considered significant at P<0.05.RESULTS: The study included one eye from each of 30 patients. The majority of the socket grades (15 patients, 50%) were normal (Grade 0). All groups exhibited a noticeable increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 level when compared to the normal levels found in tears (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant link was observed between socket grading and matrix metalloproteinase-9 level (P>0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference in matrix metalloproteinase-9 level occurred between normal sockets and contracture sockets across the different gradings (P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Although matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels were notably higher in contracted anophthalmic sockets compared to normal sockets, no significant statistical link was observed between matrix metalloproteinase-9 level and anophthalmic socket contracture severity across the different grades.

## Keywords
- Contracture
- Medicine
- Muscle contracture
- Matrix (chemical analysis)
- Dentistry
- Orthodontics
- Surgery
- Tears
- Significant difference
- Abnormality
- Prosthesis
- Connective tissue
- Grading (engineering)
- Statistical analysis

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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