The Sociocultural Role of Tungka in the Sustainability of Beef Cattle Farming

Abstract

The Tungka system represents a traditional livestock partnership in Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi, grounded in oral agreements, mutual trust, and kinship between farmers (pattungka) and investors (mattungka). This study aimed to examine its implementation, evaluate its socio_cultural sustainability, identify key influencing factors, and explore managerial implications. A qualitative approach was employed, integrating thematic analysis and Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis (MSA). Results revealed that Tungka remains in practice, with farmers responsible for livestock management and investors providing capital and operational costs. Two profit_sharing models were identified: breeding_based and calf_sale_based. The MSA generated a sustainability index of 63.36%, categorizing the system as moderately sustainable. To strengthen long_term viability, improvements are necessary in investor monitoring mechanisms, the establishment of clear loss_sharing arrangements, and increased supervision frequency. These measures are crucial for preserving Tungka as a resilient local institution supporting smallholder beef cattle farming. Keywords: Rural livestock economy, informal partnership, cultural governance, livestock ownership, rural finance, social sustainability, sustainability assessment.

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