# The impact of intravenous ibuprofen-paracetamol vs. ketorolac-paracetamol on coagulation and inflammation: implications for analgesia in hypertensive patients undergoing surgery
> Maarif M.K.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105017578035
Jurnal / Konferensi: Revista Latinoamericana De Hipertension
Tahun terbit: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17113732
ISSN: 18564550
Kuartil SJR: Q4
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Maarif M.K.

## Abstract
Postoperative pain following gynecological surgery continues to pose a significant clinical challenge, as many patients still experience moderate-to-severe pain with standard treatments. The potential for complications like bleeding further underscores the need for optimized analgesic strategies that balance efficacy with safety. This study evaluated two multimodal regimens: intravenous ibuprofen-paracetamol versus ketorolac-paracetamol, comparing their impact on pain intensity, coagulation parameters, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. In a double-blind randomized trial involving 40 patients, both combinations provided equivalent and effective pain control, with no significant difference in pain scores or clotting time observed between the groups. However, a key finding was that the ketorolac-based regimen caused a significant prolongation of bleeding time at 24 and 48 hours post-surgery. Conversely, the ibuprofen-based combination demonstrated a stronger anti-inflammatory effect, resulting in significantly lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Consequently, while both regimens are effective for analgesia, the choice between them should be influenced by the patient's risk profile; ketorolac may pose a greater bleeding risk, whereas ibuprofen may offer superior control of the surgical inflammatory response.

## Keywords
- Medicine
- Ketorolac
- Anesthesia
- Analgesic
- Regimen
- Surgery
- Ibuprofen
- Randomized controlled trial
- Coagulation
- Clinical trial
- Acute pain
- Postoperative pain
- Hemostasis
- Clotting factor
- Significant difference
- Patient-controlled analgesia
- Major bleeding
- Pain management

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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