High prevalence of Spirometra spp. and nematode infections in Fowlea melanzostus from Mojokerto City, Indonesia

Abstract

Wild-caught Javanese keelback water snakes (Fowlea melanzostus) are at a significant risk of parasitic infections, including various helminths, with potential public health implications. However, comprehensive data on helminth infection prevalence and diversity in this species remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and diversity of parasitic helminths in wild-caught Javanese keelback water snakes from Mojokerto City, Indonesia. A total of 23 snakes were collected, euthanized, and examined for parasitic helminths. The helminth stages were identified using microscopic fecal examination and carmine staining methods. Helminth infections were detected in 95.65% (22/23) of the examined snakes. A total of six helminth taxa were identified, including four nematode genera (Ophidascaris spp., Rhabdias spp., Physaloptera spp., and Capillaria spp.), one nematode order (Oxyurid), and one cestode genus (Spirometra spp.). This study highlights the role of Javanese keelback water snake in parasitic disease transmission within ecosystems and underscores the importance of identifying parasite biodiversity in wild-caught reptiles to control illegal reptile trade and mitigate public health risks, including zoonotic potentials.

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