Investigation of Geomorphology and Petrology of the Central Point of Indonesia, Umpungeng area, Soppeng, South Sulawesi Province: Implications of Geological Evolution for Geological and Cultural Site

Abstract

Abstract Umpungeng (Posi Na Tanae) represents the Central Geographical Point of Indonesia, and its translation from the Bugis language denotes the “navel of the earth.” This location has become a significant site in Indonesia, in terms of geography and culture. Identified as the central point of the Nusantara archipelago, it is situated in Umpungeng area, Soppeng, in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research aims to explore the geomorphological and petrological features of this area, along with the implications for regional geological evolution and its importance to local cultural practices. The geomorphological study will focus on the various landforms, geomorphic activities, and their interplay with the area. The geomorphological examination, bolstered by field observations and enhanced with petrographic laboratory data, seeks to deepen the understanding of the geomorphological and petrological dimensions of the Umpungeng locale. The results of the study indicate that the Umpungeng area possesses geomorphology characterized by steep and gently sloping hills, corroborated by petrographic assessments of local lithologies primarily made up of volcanic breccia. The upper layers, situated just below the topsoil, are encased in tuff or Quaternary volcanic sediments, rendering the region susceptible to instability and landslides. This research is anticipated to enrich the existing knowledge regarding the geological history of South Sulawesi, particularly emphasizing the tectonic and volcanic processes that have influenced its landscape.

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