Effects of horizontal dimensional malocclusion on changes in smile measurements in frontal, oblique, and lateral views

Abstract

Background/purpose: Horizontal skeletal discrepancies can influence smile esthetics, but their impact on smile dynamics from different photographic perspectives remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate how horizontal malocclusion affects soft tissue changes in frontal, oblique, and lateral smile views. Materials and methods: This retrospective study analyzed pre-treatment facial photographs of 200 patients. Subjects were divided into subgroups based on ANB angle and overjet values. Smile characteristics were measured from frontal, oblique, and lateral views at rest and during smiling. Variables were expressed as ratios relative to subnasale-menton distance. Statistical comparisons were made using ANOVA, Scheffé post hoc tests, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Significant differences in smile measurements were more prominent in the oblique and lateral views than in the frontal view. Among ANB groups, greater discrepancies were noted in lower facial landmarks such as menton and pogonion. Oblique views were most sensitive in detecting differences in smile change, particularly among subjects with Class III malocclusion. Conclusion: Horizontal dimensional malocclusion significantly affects soft tissue smile dynamics, particularly in the oblique view. Multiview smile analysis enhances diagnostic accuracy and should be considered in orthodontic assessment and treatment planning.

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