Production of staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN) and other immune modulators during the early stages of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in a mammalian cell culture medium

Abstract

Immune modulators are known to be produced by matured biofilms and during different stages of planktonic growth of Staphylococcus aureus . Little is known about immune modulator production during the early stages of biofilm formation, thus raising the following question: how does S. aureus protect itself from the innate immune responses at these stages? Therefore, we determined the production of the following immune modulators: chemotaxis inhibitory protein of staphylococci (CHIPS); staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN); formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitor; gamma-hemolysin component B; leukocidins D, E, and S; staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins 1, 3, 5, and 9; and staphylococcal enterotoxin A.

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