Prevalence of cytotoxin associated gene A in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy examination

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, heterogeneous, spiral-shaped, flagellated microaerophilic bacterium that infects the epithelial lining of the stomach and causes several gastroduodenal diseases, such as chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric carcinoma. Helicobacter pylori produces a urease enzyme, cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), which causes gastroduodenal disorders. In most of the population, infection with Helicobacter pylori causes asymptomatic gastritis. The relationship between Helicobacter pylori and CagA and an increased risk of gastric carcinoma was first reported in 1995. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and degree of gastric mucosal damage caused by CagA Helicobacter pylori virulence based on histopathological examination in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital.METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving subjects undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with positive Helicobacter pylori pathological anatomy examination results was carried on at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital. The degree of gastric mucosal damage was measured by the Update Sydney System criteria.RESULTS: Of the 38 subjects who underwent endoscopy and were positive for Helicobacter pylori, 19 male subjects and 19 female subjects with an average age of 48.32 years, subjects with Helicobacter pylori CagA (+) severe degree 2 subjects (5.3%) and CagA were found (-), with moderate degree in 24 subjects (66.7%) and mild in 12 subjects (33.33%); 100% results were obtained in CagA+ subjects with a severe degree of mucosal damage on histopathological examination results.CONCLUSIONS: Results of histopathological examination showed a prevalence and degree of gastric mucosal damage caused by CagA Helicobacter pylori of 100%.

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