Prevalence and risk factors of repeat breeding in dairy cows in Cendana District, Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

Repeat breeding of dairy cows in Cendana District was prevalent at both the cow (28.8%) and farmer (60.4%) levels. Although no significant associations were found at the farmer level, the occurrence of repeat breeding was significantly associated with low milk yield, small herd size, and a history of reproductive disorders at the cow level. These findings highlight the importance of improving cow-level management practices to reduce the incidence of repeat breeding in smallholder dairy farms.

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