Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Vitamin D Deficiency among Anesthesiology Residents

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D plays a vital role in bone metabolism, immune function, and overall health. Healthcare professionals, particularly those working indoors, may be at increased risk for deficiency due to limited sunlight exposure. This study aimed to evaluate serum vitamin D levels and explore associated factors among anesthesiology residents. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 anesthesiology residents at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital in Makassar from January to February 2025. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and medical records. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were used to determine vitamin D status. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with P values < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Among the 50 participants, 76% were found to be vitamin D deficient. No significant associations were found between vitamin D levels and sex, age, or BMI. However, vitamin D deficiency was more common among residents with obesity and younger age groups. Vitamin D supplementation (p = 0.022) and duration of sunlight exposure (p = 0.029) showed significant associations with serum vitamin D levels. Dietary intake and comorbidities were not significantly related to vitamin D status. Conclusion: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed among anesthesiology residents, likely due to occupational limitations on sun exposure. Supplementation and regular sun exposure appear to be protective factors. Targeted strategies, including routine screening and preventive interventions, are recommended for at-risk healthcare workers.

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