Performance of Candlenut Shell (Alleuretus moluccana) Based Supercapacitor Electrode with Acid Electrolytes and Their Salts

Abstract

Abstract Candlenut shell was used as the precursor for activated carbon-based electrodes which prepared through two stages, namely carbonization and activation. The surface of the activated carbon was modified with HNO 3 . Characterization of carbons and activated carbon was performed by SEM, BET, FT-IR test and capacitance analysis using Cyclic Voltammetry. The result of SEM analysis shows that carbon pore formation has occurred after activation with H 3 PO 4 . The surface area of carbon and activated carbon determined by the BET method is 125,828 m 2 /g and 142,435 m 2 /g, respectively. The results of FTIR and Boehm titration analysis showed an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups after modification with HNO 3 . Based on the results of the analysis using Cyclic Voltammetry obtained the highest specific capacitance of unmodified activated carbon is 145.49 mF/g in H2SO4 0.5M electrolyte. In addition, the highest specific capacitance of activated carbon modified with HNO 3 is 155.92 mF/g obtained in HCl 0.1 M electrolyte. In the same condition, the contribution of salt electrolyte (Na 2 SO 4 0.5 M and 0.1 M) in the specific capacitance of candlenut shell based supercapacitor electrodes is a little bit lower compared to the acid electrolytes.

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