Performance evaluation of Self-Compaction Concrete (SCC) using sea sand and seawater as sustainable constituents

Abstract

Concrete remains one of the most essential construction materials worldwide, with growing demands in both structural and non-structural applications. In response to environmental concerns and material scarcity, this study explores the potential of using seawater and sea sand as sustainable alternatives to freshwater and river sand in the production of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). SCC is known for its high fluidity and self-consolidating ability, eliminating the need for mechanical vibration and allowing for more efficient and labour-saving placement. This experimental research was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to evaluate both fresh and hardened properties of SCC incorporating marine-based materials. The fresh property was examined through slump flow testing (SNI 4432:2017), which showed an average slump flow diameter of 710 mm, indicating a high level of flowability suitable for SCC classification. The mechanical properties were assessed through compressive strength (SNI 1974:2011), indirect tensile strength (SNI 2491:2014), and flexural strength (SNI 03-4431-1997). The results indicated that SCC made with seawater and sea sand achieved an average compressive strength of 38.2 MPa, split tensile strength of 3.42 MPa, and flexural strength of 5.96 MPa at 28 days. These findings suggest that locally available marine resources can be effectively used to produce SCC, supporting more sustainable construction practices in coastal and resource-limited regions.

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