Patterns and Sociodemographic Determinants of Traffic Accidents in Makassar City: A Study Toward Targeted Road Safety Interventions

Abstract

Makassar is one of the largest cities in Indonesia, characterized by a high vehicle ownership rate that continues to increase annually. This rapid growth contributes to rising traffic congestion and a concerning number of traffic accidents. This study aimed to examine the sociodemographic determinants of traffic accidents in Makassar City. Based on data from 2021 to 2024, a total of 3,603 traffic accident cases were recorded, involving 5,489 victims. The severity of the outcomes was 9.13% fatalities, 15.19% severe injuries, 64.46% minor injuries, and 11.22% material losses. Most accidents involved motorcycles (57.90%) and private passenger vehicles. The most affected age group was adolescents and adults, accounting for 87.96% of total victims. Male victims were predominant, comprising 72.9% of total cases. In terms of educational level, high school graduates represented the largest proportion of accident victims (53.34%). A significant number of victims (2,679 individuals) were employed in the private sector. The most common type of collision involved two vehicles, representing 74.08% of all incidents. These findings underscore the critical need for targeted traffic safety measures based on demographic risk profiles, particularly among male motorcyclists of working age. This study highlights the importance of incorporating sociodemographic characteristics into road safety policies to reduce the frequency and severity of accidents in urban areas such as Makassar.

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