Omega-3 supplementation lowers ApoB100 levels in obese adolescents: a controlled intervention study

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a risk factor associated with cardiovascular disease. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is the main protein in atherogenic lipoproteins and a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to reduce plasma triglycerides and total ApoB levels in individuals with metabolic syndrome. This study aims to analyze the effect of omega-3 administration on ApoB-100 levels in adolescents with obesity. Methods: This study was an experimental study with pre and post-test design, which was conducted by health students from February to April 2025 in Makassar. A total of 770 participants were screened, with 90 individuals meeting the inclusion criterion of a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m². ApoB-100 levels were measured using the Human Apolipoprotein B1 ELISA Kit, and lipid profiles were assessed using an automated clinical chemistry analyzer with enzymatic colorimetric methods. 37 participants completed all procedures divided into two groups: the control group (n=20), received nutritional counseling, and the intervention group (n=17) received 1200 mg omega-3 supplements daily for four weeks. Results: The average age was 18.59 ± 0.62 years in the intervention group and 18.30 ± 0.57 years in the control group. In the intervention group, ApoB-100 levels significantly decreased from 1768.23 ± 335.18 to 1410.20 ± 191.03 mg/dL (p < 0.001). The control group showed an increase from 1582.29 ± 426.95 to 1760.29 ± 507.65 mg/dL (p = 0.156). Conclusion: This study showed Omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced ApoB-100 levels in obese adolescents, suggesting its potential role in reducing cardiovascular risk.

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