Occupational and lifestyle risk factors associated with metabolic fatty liver disease among university staff in Indonesia

Abstract

Fatty liver disease, now classified under the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) spectrum, has become increasingly common among working populations due to the rising prevalence of obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic disorders. This study examined the associations between fatty liver severity and individual as well as occupational factors among university employees. A cross sectional study was conducted among 78 staff members using data from the 2024 Medical Check-Up records. Variables collected from medical records and structured questionnaires included age, sex, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption, exercise habits, employment status, years of service, and work unit. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression tests. The majority of participants had mild fatty liver (73.1%), while 26.9% had moderate to severe grades. Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations with sex, obesity, dyslipidemia, and years of service. In multivariate analysis, male sex (OR = 10.17; <i>p</i> = 0.002), dyslipidemia (OR = 18.30; <i>p</i> = 0.010), and obesity (OR = 6.36; <i>p</i> = 0.049) were identified as dominant predictors. These findings highlight that metabolic risk factors and occupational duration contribute to fatty liver severity in university staff. Workplace-based metabolic screening and lifestyle interventions are recommended to reduce the burden of MASLD in academic settings.

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