Multivariate Analysis in Detecting the Selection Criteria for Rice Breeding Under a Direct Seeding System

Abstract

Rice is an essential energy source, consumed by about 90% of the world, especially in Asia.The objective of the present experiment was to study the different yields and related traits in rice under different establishment conditions and to identify the key traits that could be helpful in these conditions.The present experiment consisted of 26 genotypes under RCBD with three replications.This experiment used correlation, path analysis, and principal component analysis.Under both establishment conditions, grain yield per plant showed a significant positive correlation with plant height, panicle length, number of panicles, panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, number of grains per panicle, and spikelet fertility.In addition, under the transplanted conditions, grain yield per plant significantly correlated with flag leaf length and flag leaf area.In contrast, in dry direct seeding, it positively correlated with days to heading.Path analysis revealed that several traits directly affected grain yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels.Additionally, some traits contributed indirectly and still significantly influenced grain yield.PCA grouped the genotypes into four major components, which accounted for most of the variation.This study revealed that, compared to transplanted rice, dry direct-seeded rice can be effectively used by leveraging the correlation and the direct and indirect effects of traits under direct-seeded conditions.

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