Morphometric analysis of sexual dimorphism using adult mandibular bone based on reformat 3D bone CT scan in Indonesian population

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Forensic anthropology focuses on identifying individuals through skeletal remains by creating a biological profile that includes sex estimation. While the pelvic bone is considered the most reliable for sex determination, it is often fragile. The mandible, known for its durability, is an alternative. In Indonesia, research has explored using panoramic and modern imaging techniques like CT scans for sex determination. This study aimed to assess the mandible’s reliability for sexual dimorphism using reformat 3D bone CT scans.METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study uses 3D CT scans to assess sexual dimorphism in adult mandibles. Data were collected from head or neck CT scans conducted between January 2020 and December 2023. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS v27.0, including t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and logistic regression performed to evaluate morphometric differences and identify sex predictors.RESULTS: The study analyzed 109 samples, evaluating morphometric parameters like bigonial breadth, ramus length, mandibular length, and maximum ramus height. Bivariate analysis revealed significant differences between males and females, with accuracy rates between 66% and 86%. Binary logistic regression showed that adding variables improved the model’s accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, with bigonial breadth being the most influential parameter in both unilateral and bilateral measurements.CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that adult mandibular bones can reliably determine sexual dimorphism using reformat 3D bone CT scans, with accuracy rates between 66% and 86%. Bigonial Breadth is the most reliable parameter for the South Sulawesi population. Combining multiple mandibular parameters further improves diagnostic accuracy in sex determination.

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