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Morphometric analysis of adult scapula bone in sex determination in Indonesian population
Siahaan Y.
Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio Per Le Scienze Mediche
Q4Abstract
BACKGROUND: Forensic anthropology plays a crucial role in identifying individuals through biological profiling, which includes race, gender, age, and height assessments. Accurate sex determination is vital, guiding further identification processes. While the pelvis and skull are commonly used for this purpose, alternative methods are needed when these bones are unavailable. This study focuses on sex determination using morphometric measurements of the scapula via 3D computed tomography (CT) scan in South Sulawesi, Indonesian adult population, addressing a gap in existing research.METHODS: This descriptive and analytical retrospective observational study, conducted from February to May 2024, used secondary data from patients’ medical records between January 2020 and December 2022. The sample included adults who underwent multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) thorax exams with 3D scapula images. Data were analyzed using SPSS and R Studio, employing tests like the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and binary logistic regression. Significance was set at P<0.05, with optimal cut-offs determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.RESULTS: The study involved 222 participants. Scapular morphometric parameters (length of the glenoid cavity [LGC], breadth of glenoid cavity [BGC]) showed significant bilateral asymmetry in both genders (P<0.05). Scapular measurements differed significantly between males and females, confirming sexual dimorphism. Cut-off values for LGC (32.7 mm left, 32.725 mm right) and BGC (23.45 mm left, 24.2 mm right) were established, distinguishing sex based on scapular size. These parameters are effective for sex determination.CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms the scapula’s sexual dimorphism, with males showing higher measurements, and highlights bilateral asymmetry in the South Sulawesi, Indonesian population.