Leaf position affects antibacterial activity of spondias pinnata and its secondary metabolite

Abstract

Background and Objective: Ambarella (Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz), Family Anacardiaceae has been traditionally used as an antibacterial in Indonesia. Only the apical leafs of this plant traditionally used for treatment of bacterial infection. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the leaf position on antibacterial activity and constituent profile of the extracts. Materials and Methods: The leaf was collected in three positions (apical, middle and basal leaf) and macerated with 70% ethanol. Antibacterial activity was tested by agar diffusion method using Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) medium against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with amoxicillin as positive control. Characterization of its chemical constituent was performed with chromatography method. Results: The results showed that ethanol extract of ambarella leaf contain group compounds of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. The highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was observed by the apical position of the leaf with inhibition zones of 14.30 and 14.43 mm, respectively. HPLC chromatogram profile of apical leaf extracts shows different pattern with middle and basal leaf. Fractionation of the active extract given n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions with inhibition zones of 13.27 and 12.91 mm and ethyl acetate fractions of 12.49 and 12.41 mm against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. While no inhibitory activity was observed on chloroform and water fractions. Conclusion: Each position of ambarella leaf has different constituent character and among them, the apical leaves have a stronger inhibitory activity than the other position.

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