Language Vitality of the Mandar Enclave in Ujunglero, Pinrang, South Sulawesi

Abstract

This research aims to describe the level of vitality of the Mandar language (ML) in Ujunglero, an enclave of the Mandar community in the Bugis region, and analyze the factors that influence its continued use. The research method employed is a sociolinguistic survey with a quantitative and descriptive approach, drawing on UNESCO language vitality indicators and Fishman's theory. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews with 150 respondents from various professions and age groups. The results of the research show that the average vitality index for the ML is 0.53, placing it in the category of experiencing decline. The intergenerational transmission factor has a high value (0.71), indicating that the ML is still transmitted, although not always formally, at home. The speaker's attitude is also high (0.74), reflecting strong ethnolinguistic pride. However, several indicators show low values, such as the availability of teaching materials (0.35), response to new media (0.39), and documentation (0.32), which indicate weak structural support and revitalization resources. The use of ML is prevalent in the domestic and community domains, while the domains of formal education and digital media are dominated by Indonesian and Bugis languages. It is hoped that the results of this research will serve as the basis for planning policies to revitalize the ML, amidst pressure from the dominance of Bugis and Indonesian in the multilingual context of South Sulawesi.

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