Integration of Seaweed Cultivation, Agricultural and Non-Enterprises: A Comparative Analysis of Livelihood Diversification in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi

Abstract

Seaweed cultivation plays a strategic role in the livelihoods of coastal communities, enhancing food security, generating income, and providing employment. Takalar Regency, in South Sulawesi Province, is a coastal area with high potential for seaweed cultivation. However, price fluctuations, climate change, and low product availability have encouraged farmers to diversify their livelihoods. This study analyzes the patterns of livelihood diversification among 41 seaweed-farming households across six hamlets in Laikang Village, using thematic qualitative case studies. Six diversification patterns were identified: (1) seaweed cultivation; (2) seaweed and agriculture; (3) seaweed and fisheries; (4) seaweed with agriculture and fisheries; (5) seaweed, agriculture, and non-agriculture; (6) seaweed and non-agriculture. Patterns of seaweed cultivation, combined with agriculture and fisheries, primarily rely on natural, human, and financial capital, reflecting a stronger integration of livelihood assets. On the other hand, patterns involving non-agricultural businesses require social, human, and financial capital. Furthermore, most diversification patterns have not been integrated into farmer groups, resulting in limited access to government assistance and training programs. Diversification and investment are key strategies in addressing economic and social vulnerability. The study highlights the importance of strengthening institutional support, capacity building, and market access to promote sustainable seaweed-based livelihoods in coastal communities. Keywords: Aquaculture, algae, Gracilaria sp., livelihood diversification; seaweed cultivation; sustainable livelihoods; rural resilience.

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