IMPLEMENTATION OF CORRUPTION CRIMES IN THE MINING SECTOR: ESSENCE AND LEGAL REFORM

Abstract

Corruption in the mining sector is a critical issue that results in significant state losses, environmental degradation, and social injustice. This study aims to examine the essence of the criminalization of corruption within the mining sector and the necessity of legal reform as a measure to combat corruption in mining activities. The research employs a normative approach with qualitative methods, utilizing policy analysis and literature review of legislation and law enforcement practices in the mining sector. The findings indicate that the enforcement of anti-corruption laws in mining remains ineffective due to inadequate regulations, poor inter-agency coordination, and limited transparency in licensing and oversight mechanisms. This study recommends stricter and more comprehensive legal reforms, alongside institutional strengthening of law enforcement agencies to enhance the effectiveness of anti-corruption efforts in the mining sector. Such measures are expected to realize legal certainty, social justice, and environmental sustainability in the management of national natural resources.

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