Factors That Influence the Management of Household Hazardous Waste in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia: A Path Analysis

Abstract

This study investigates the factors influencing community willingness to manage household hazardous waste (HHW) in Semarang City, Indonesia, through a path analysis approach grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).A total of 500 respondents were surveyed across 16 sub-districts using stratified random sampling.The analysis explores both direct and indirect effects of demographic (age, education, occupation), socioeconomic (monthly expenses), and cognitive [knowledge] variables on willingness to engage in HHW management.The findings highlight knowledge as the most influential determinant of willingness ( = 0.469, p < 0.001), emphasizing its mediating role between education and willingness.Education shows no significant direct effect but exerts a strong indirect effect through knowledge ( = 0.282).Age negatively affects both knowledge ( = -0.176)and willingness ( = -0.097),indicating that younger individuals tend to be more knowledgeable and more willing to manage HHW.Monthly expenses also have a positive, though relatively weaker, direct ( = 0.086 ) and indirect ( = 0.066) influence on willingness via knowledge.Employment status was not found to be a significant factor.The model explains 73.6% of the variance in willingness (R 2 = 0.736) and 26.4% in knowledge (R 2 = 0.264).These results reinforce the relevance of TPB in environmental behavior studies while suggesting the need for contextspecific modifications, such as considering digital media exposure and infrastructural access.Policy implications include prioritizing educational interventions, improving access to information and facilities, and targeting youth as key agents in promoting sustainable HHW management.

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