Factors associated with Leptospira Serodiagnosis in febrile patients at public Health Centers in Makassar, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: leptospirosis is a globally prevalent zoonotic disease that can lead to outbreaks with significant public health implications. In Indonesia, particularly in East Java Province and South Sulawesi, reported cases of leptospirosis have been increasing. Diagnosis typically relies on the Leptospira rapid test and ELISA. This study aimed to assess the association between high-risk populations and Leptospira infection. Methods: this cross-sectional observational study included febrile patients hospitalized at Public Health Centers in Makassar City. Blood samples were collected from eligible participants and tested using both the IgM ELISA and Standard Q Leptospira IgM/IgG rapid test. Results: of the 78 participants, 51% were female, and 64% lived in high-risk areas. The Standard Q Leptospira IgM/IgG test identified 1.3% as positive, while the IgM ELISA detected 2.6% positive cases. The two diagnostic methods showed strong concordance (88.7%). No significant differences were found between infection rates and factors such as age, gender, occupation, or lifestyle. Conclusion: the incidence of leptospirosis in Makassar was low. There was good agreement between the rapid test and ELISA tests. No significant association was observed between Leptospira infection and variables such as age, gender, occupation, or lifestyle.

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