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Exploring the potential of virtual realty for accessible tourism: the case of elderly and disabled in Makassar city, Indonesia
Sirih M.S.
Tourism Recreation Research
Q1Abstract
This study explores Virtual Reality (VR) technology's potential to enhance tourism accessibility for elderly and disabled populations in Makassar City. Using a mixed-methods approach, 20 participants (12 elderly, 8 with mobility disabilities) engaged in VR tourism experiences. Data collection included in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis. IFAS and EFAS analysis yielded scores of 3.11 and 2.95, indicating strong development potential. Most participants (85%) reported high satisfaction with VR's visual and audio quality, experiencing strong presence despite initial ergonomic challenges. Economic analysis confirms feasibility with investments ranging from IDR 40,500,000 to IDR 408,500,000 and sustainable pricing (IDR 25,000–75,000 per hour). The study contributes to Smart Tourism and Universal Design Theory by proposing a virtual accessibility framework with five components: Universal Accessibility, Inclusive Immersive Experience, User Empowerment, Social Integration, and Sustainability and Scalability. While geographically limited to Makassar and focused on mobility disabilities, this research provides valuable insights for VR developers, tourism operators, and policymakers advancing inclusive tourism in Indonesia..