Evaluation of digital health technology acceptance for breastfeeding support among perinatal women in rural areas: A scoping review

Abstract

Background & Aim: Breastfeeding is fundamental to maternal and infant health, yet rural populations face barriers to support due to limited infrastructure and geographic constraints. Although digital health technologies are increasingly used to promote maternal and child health, evidence on their acceptance and effectiveness in supporting breastfeeding among perinatal women in rural settings remains limited. This scoping review aims to examine digital interventions supporting breastfeeding areas and to identify their outcomes, challenges, and enabling factors. Materials & Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, systematic searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and Web of Science. Studies published in English between January 2015 and May 2025 were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Data were synthesized thematically, and methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results: A total of 22 studies (n=22) were included, identifying four categories of interventions: mobile health (mHealth) applications, messaging services (SMS/IVR), telelactation, and social media platforms. These interventions improved exclusive breastfeeding rates, maternal knowledge, confidence, and satisfaction with care. Key facilitators included culturally tailored content, hybrid human–digital models, and interactive features. Barriers were low digital literacy, poor connectivity, weak integration with health systems, and socio-cultural resistance. Conclusion: Digital health technologies demonstrate significant potential to strengthen breastfeeding support in rural areas. Their effectiveness depends on accessibility, cultural relevance, and integration into existing health and community structures. The findings underscore the need for policies that promote digital equity, community-based design, and sustainable integration of technology into rural maternal care programs. Future research should also assess cost-effectiveness and long-term user engagement.

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