Epidemiological characteristics and pathogen profiles of non-Escherichia coli gram-negative urinary tract infections in pregnant women: insights from Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Enterobacter cloacae is the most common non-Escherichia coli gram-negative UTI bacterium in this Makassar cohort. Key epidemiological characteristics were elucidated, revealing a substantial proportion of women not seeking treatment for UTI symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of local surveillance and targeted health education interventions for pregnant women regarding UTI management.

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