# ENSO and IOD influence on Indonesian Throughflow variability in the Makassar Strait and Banda Sea
> Srioktoviana S.K.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/enso-and-iod-influence-on-indonesian-throughflow-variability-in-the-makassar-str
Jurnal / Konferensi: Bio Web of Conferences
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202622006005
ISSN: 22731709
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Srioktoviana S.K.

## Abstract
The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is a critical component of global ocean circulation, yet its response to simultaneous climate phenomena remains complex. This study examines the influence of El Niño- Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on oceanographic anomalies in the Makassar Strait and Banda Sea from 2021 to 2024. Satellite data for sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a (Chl- a), sea surface salinity (SSS), and surface current velocity (CUR) were analyzed to identify spatial distribution patterns during different climate phases. During La Niña, positive SST anomalies were observed due to strengthened ITF warm water transport and reduced upwelling. Conversely, during El Niño–IOD+ phases, SST anomalies were more localized, and Chl- a concentrations significantly decreased, particularly in the Banda Sea. Statistical analysis revealed that ENSO has a strong negative correlation with Chl-a (r = -0.58) and a strong positive correlation with CUR (r = 0.68) in the Makassar Strait. The findings highlight that ENSO and IOD act as primary drivers of regional oceanographic variability, significantly altering the biological and physical characteristics of the ITF corridors.

## Keywords
- Throughflow
- Indian Ocean Dipole
- Sea surface temperature
- El Niño Southern Oscillation
- Climatology
- Oceanography
- La Niña
- Sea-surface height
- Indonesian
- Geology
- Salinity
- Ocean current
- Southern oscillation
- Environmental science
- Geography
- Global climate
- Pacific decadal oscillation
- Cape
- Indian ocean
- Spatial distribution
- Multivariate ENSO index
- Pacific ocean
- Anomaly (physics)
- Ekman transport
- Thermocline
- Global warming
- Climate change
- Temperature salinity diagrams
- Negative correlation
- Sea level
- Monsoon
- Water mass
- Current (fluid)

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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