# Effects of Adjunct Low-Level Laser Therapy and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Pulmonary Rehabilitation in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study
> Rahmad

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/effects-of-adjunct-low-level-laser-therapy-and-neuromuscular-electrical-stimulat
Jurnal / Konferensi: Balneo and Prm Research Journal
Tahun terbit: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12680/BALNEO.2025.914
ISSN: 2734844X
Kuartil SJR: Q3
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Rahmad

## Abstract
This study explores the effects of adjunctive low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), ICU length of stay (LOS), and mortality in ICU patients undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). A retrospective study was conducted on 110 mechanically ventilated patients at Saiful Anwar General Hospital in 2024, divided into four intervention groups: PR only, PR+LLLT, PR+NMES, and PR+LLLT+NMES. Duration of MV and ICU LOS were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and mortality using the Chi-square test, followed by post hoc analysis. Results showed no significant difference in duration of MV between interventions (p 0.125). ICU LOS differed significantly be-tween interventions (p 0.044), with a shorter stay in the PR-only group compared to PR+NMES (p 0.014). Mortality also differed significantly between interventions (p 0.000), with lower rates in PR+NMES and PR+LLLT+NMES (p 0.012 & p 0.006) compared to other groups. Adjunctive NMES alone or combined with LLLT may contributes to better survival in mechanically ventilated ICU patients despite longer ICU stay and ventilator durations.

## Keywords
- Medicine
- Mechanical ventilation
- Retrospective cohort study
- Rehabilitation
- Intensive care
- Psychological intervention
- Ventilation (architecture)
- Anesthesia
- Physical therapy
- Adjunctive treatment
- Intensive care unit
- Emergency medicine
- Intervention (counseling)
- Significant difference
- Intensive care medicine
- Adjunct
- Noninvasive ventilation
- Post-hoc analysis
- Augment
- Critically ill

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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