Effect of sukun leaf extract [Artocarpus altilis (Park.) fosberg] on insulin resistance in obese rats (Rattus norvegicus): A study of free fatty acid (FFA) levels

Abstract

Background and Objective: The state of obesity is closely related to insulin resistance, which leads to type 2 diabetes. Free Fatty Acids (FFAs) play a role in the development of insulin resistance. Artocarpus altilis plants have traditionally been used by the people of Indonesia for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of A. altilis leaf extract that can improve insulin resistance in obese rats (Rattus norvegicus) through identification of the concentrations that can decrease the levels of FFA. Methodology: This study is a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). The rats were divided into five groups, each consisting of five rats. The rats were administered a high-fat diet (45%) (open source) to induce fattening and their weights were measured for assessing obesity. The fasting blood sugar (GDP) was monitored through gluco DR tests to ensure that the mice exhibited an increased glucose concentration. Group I was designated the negative control group, the rats in group II were administered metformin HCl and formed the positive control group and groups III, IV and V were denoted the 5, 10 and 15% A. altilis test groups. The groups underwent treatment for 14 days and ELISA was performed for the assessment of the FFA levels in each group after testing. A data analysis using nonparametric tests was performed to assess the significance of the differences among the groups at a 95% confidence level. All of the data were analyzed with SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The FFA levels in the negative control and the10% A. altilis (p = 0.000) and 15% A. altilis (p = 0.016) extracts did not show any significant differences, differences in the FFA content were found between the positive control and the 5% A. altilis (0.034) and 10% A. altilis (p = 0.020) test groups. Conclusion: The 10% A. altilis extract can lower the FFA levels in obese mice. Therefore, A. altilis should be considered for use in the prevention of insulin resistance.

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