# Development of thermosensitive mucoadhesive gel incorporated lipid microspheres of donepezil for enhanced nose-to-brain delivery
> Tuna R.W.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/development-of-thermosensitive-mucoadhesive-gel-incorporated-lipid-microspheres
Jurnal / Konferensi: Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition
Tahun terbit: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2025.2492455
ISSN: 09205063
Kuartil SJR: Q2
Citations: 2

## Authors
- Tuna R.W.

## Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (ALZ) is a chronic disease that affects the brain neurons leading to dementia. Donepezil (DPZ), a first-line treatment for ALZ is a potent symptomatic therapeutic agent. However, the oral and transdermal route represents non-targeted delivery, causing various adverse effects. This study presents the successful incorporation of a DPZ-loaded lipid microsphere (DPZ-LM) system into a thermosensitive-mucoadhesive gel (TMG), thereby enhancing the delivery of DPZ through the nose-to-brain route. To optimize the formulations, several evaluations were conducted, resulting in an optimized formulation of LM using Compritol<sup>®</sup> exhibited particle size of 8.75 µm, 98.44% of DPZ entrapped, and 93.40% of DPZ loaded in the system with a sustained release manner in the <i>in vitro</i> studies. The TMG-DPZ-LM was prepared using Pluronic<sup>®</sup> F127 and F68, as the gelling agents, with the addition of sodium alginate, as the mucoadhesive polymer. Following incorporation into TMG-DPZ-LM, the system exhibited excellent physicochemical properties and effective nasal delivery in <i>ex vivo</i> permeation has found that 88.58 ± 12.53 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> and retention studies with a mean concentration of 0.0077 mg of retention DPZ in porcine nasal mucosa. The <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the administration of TMG-DPZ-LM <i>via</i> the nose-to-brain route resulted in a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in the C<sub>max</sub>, with 207.24 ± 5.16 µg/cm<sup>3</sup> of DPZ in the brain that exhibited a significantly different profile compared to the other route and formulation. The TMG-DPZ-LM system that was developed in this study was considered to have improved its efficacy in the treatment of ALZ.

## Keywords
- Microsphere
- Materials science
- Donepezil
- Nasal administration
- Drug delivery
- Chemical engineering
- Biomedical engineering
- Nanotechnology
- Pharmacology
- Medicine
- Pathology
- Dementia
- Engineering
- Disease

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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