Correlation of microbiological profile with the outcomes of hospital-acquired pneumonia patients at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after hospital admission and does not appear to be incubating at the time of admission. Bacterial infection is the primary cause of HAP. The aim of this cross-sectional analytical study was to evaluate the relationship between bacterial patterns and the outcomes of HAP patients.METHODS: This study used secondary data collected from medical records of HAP patients at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital. It includes 257 patients meeting the inclusion criteria.RESULTS: Among the 257 patients, 205 had bacterial cultures. The most prevalent bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii (25.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.2%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.2%). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria were identified in 54 cases. Patients with MDR bacteria had a significantly increased risk of a hospital stay longer than 14 days (odds ratio [OR]: 5.94). Gram-negative bacterial infections were associated with a higher likelihood of prolonged hospitalization compared to gram-positive infections (OR: 3.49). Acinetobacter baumannii was significantly associated with increased mortality (OR: 2.44). MDR bacteria had a substantially higher risk of death compared to non-MDR bacteria (OR: 15.13), and gram-negative bacteria had a greater mortality risk compared to gram-positive bacteria (OR: 4.51).CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant relationship between specific bacterial types and the length of hospitalization. However, Acinetobacter baumannii was associated with increased mortality. Patients with MDR and gram-negative bacteria faced a significantly higher risk of both prolonged hospitalization and death.

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