concordance between the sequential organ failure assessment score and eosinophil count in sepsis patients

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a potentially fatal organ failure caused by an abnormal, excessive host response to infection. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score can describe the course of complications in critically ill patients but does not predict their outcome. Eosinopenia is recognized as an outcome of the immune response to eliminate systemic pathogen-caused infections and describes the immunosuppression process in sepsis. This study assessed the concordance between SOFA scores and eosinophil counts in septic patients.METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study extracted data from the medical records of sepsis patients treated at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital (Makassar, Indonesia) between January and December 2022. Its research subjects were sepsis patients meeting the study criteria. Patients were assessed using the SOFA score, and their eosinophil count was taken from their complete blood count. Patients’ eosinophil counts were used to divide them into normal (100-300 cells/mm3) and eosinopenia (<100 cells/mm3) groups. The relationship between SOFA scores and eosinophil counts was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs). The Mann-Whitney U Test determined whether the median SOFA score differed based on the eosinophil count.RESULTS: SOFA scores correlated negatively with eosinophil counts (rs=-0.496, P≤0.001). The median SOFA score differed significantly based on the eosinophil count (P<0.001), with the eosinopenia group having the highest median SOFA score.CONCLUSIONS: The eosinophil count is an early predictor of a patient developing sepsis and could be used as an initial assessment in the Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit and critical patients.

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