Comparative analysis of post-tuberculosis sequelae in patients with diabetes mellitus

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two interacting global diseases, creating complex public health challenges. Patients with DM have a three-fold higher risk of developing TB than the general population. The interaction between TB and DM can worsen the clinical course of TB and glycemic control in DM, thus worsening prognosis and increasing morbidity. This study aimed to compare the pattern and changes in lung function in post-pulmonary TB patients with DM, through evaluation of clinical manifestations, spirometry results, and radiologic features.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals involving post-TB patients with DM from November 2023 to April 2024. Analysis was performed using symptom questionnaires, spirometry, and radiology examinations. Data were compared between DM and non-DM patients.RESULTS: A total of 106 post-TB patients with DM were analyzed. DM patients had a higher mean age and prevalence of hypertension. There were no significant differences in pulmonary function parameters such as FEV1 and FVC, but restrictive disorders were more severe in DM patients. Radiologic findings showed bronchiectasis was more frequent in DM patients, while atelectasis was more common in non-DM patients.CONCLUSIONS: Post-TB patients with DM showed worse clinical manifestations, impaired pulmonary function, and radiologic findings compared with patients without DM. This study emphasizes the need for special attention in TB management in patients with DM and the need for further research.

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