Cognitive Impairment in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and its relationship with Chemotherapy

Abstract

Objective: This study assessed cognitive impairment using the school-year screening test of mental status-revised (SYSTEMS-R) and intelligence quotient (IQ) level using Raven Progressive Matrices in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Mother and Child Outpatient Clinic and the child psychiatric outpatient clinic from April to July 2023. The population was ALL patients collected by consecutive sampling with a total of 150 subjects. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 24.7%, and the low IQ level was 24.7%. There was a correlation between cognitive impairment and the chemotherapy phase, with the frequency in each phase being 10.4%, 23.4%, and 38.2%. There was a relationship between low IQ level and chemotherapy phase, with the frequency at each phase being 12.5%, 21.3%, and 38.2%. There was a significant relationship between cognitive impairment and low IQ level, with an OR of 5.017 (95% CI 2.892 - 8.705). ALL chemotherapy patients with cognitive impairment had an 83.3% chance of having a low IQ. Conclusion: There was a correlation between the chemotherapy phase, cognitive impairment, and low IQ level. ALL chemotherapy patients are more likely to have a low IQ level.

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