Chitosan from sea urchin (Diadema setosum) spines for orthodontic miniscrews: Antibacterial effects against key oral pathogens

Abstract

Sea urchin-derived chitosan demonstrated significant antibacterial effects against key oral pathogens associated with peri-implantitis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16 ppm against <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> and 32 ppm for both <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i> and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were 4 ppm for <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> and 16 ppm for both <i>F. nucleatum</i> and <i>P. gingivalis,</i> indicating its strong bactericidal potential. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that sea urchin chitosan effectively adhered to the surface of orthodontic miniscrews, showcasing its potential as a functional antimicrobial coating. These results emphasize the capability of sea urchin chitosan to target key oral pathogens, offering a promising approach to enhance microbial resistance and improve outcomes in orthodontic treatments.

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