Characterization and application of mangosteen peel activated carbon for ammonia gas removal

Abstract

Mangosteen peel can be used as an activated carbon precursor because of its high lignin content and hardness. In this study, mangosteen peel activated carbon (MP-AC) was prepared by a physical activation method using CO2 at 850°C. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis was used to assess the optimal activation time to identify the largest surface area. The properties of MP-AC were characterized by the SEM-EDS and FTIR analyses. The results showed that MP-AC obtained from the 120-minute activation time had the largest BET specific surface area of 588.41 m2/g and was selected as an adsorbent in the dynamic adsorption of ammonia gas. The values of moisture content, ash content, and iodine number of MP-AC were 6.07%, 9.8%, and 1153.69 mg/g, respectively. Breakthrough curve indicated that with lower inlet concentration and higher adsorbent mass, longer breakthrough time is reached. Equilibrium data was best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm, while the pseudo-first order kinetic model favorably described the adsorption kinetics. The results revealed a potential to utilize MP-AC as an adsorbent for ammonia gas removal with average NH3 adsorption capacity of 0.41 mg/g.

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