Characteristic and Kinematics of Bali-Polled Bull Sperms

Abstract

T he global demand for beef as a food source has in- creased significantly, and Indonesia is no exception, due to the increasing Indonesian population.The increasing demand for beef is not being fulfilled by an increase in domestic beef production, so the national beef supply remains insufficient.In 2019, national beef production was 515,600 tons, while beef consumption was 683,294 tons (Ditjenpkh, 2020).As a consequence, the Indonesian government focused more on the development of national beef bull to support the fulfillment of beef needs.The development of the Bali bull is now leading to the development of the Bali-polled bull (Zulkarnaim, 2017).The polled bull has several advantages, including a lower risk of injury, which is common in bull breeders (McConnachie et al., 2019), and polled bull productivity is higher than horned bull productivity (Sarika et al., 2010).Animal reproductive biotechnology today has grown and is a great opportunity to explore the potential reproductive performance, increase in population, and the genetic quality of livestock.Artificial insemination is the first generation of reproductive technology that aims to efficiently utilize superior bulls, prevent the spread of reproductive diseases

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