# Analysis of the Effectiveness of Sand Filters for Raw Water Treatment in Brackish Water Aquaculture Environments
> Hamzah

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/analysis-of-the-effectiveness-of-sand-filters-for-raw-water-treatment-in-brackis
Jurnal / Konferensi: Engineering Technology and Applied Science Research
Tahun terbit: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.12406
ISSN: 22414487
Kuartil SJR: Q2
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Hamzah

## Abstract
Brackish water used in aquaculture often contains high levels of contaminants that require treatment to make it suitable for farming. This study evaluates the effectiveness of sand filters in improving raw water quality at the Brackish Water Aquaculture Fisheries Center in Takalar, South Sulawesi, over a two-month monitoring period. A pre- and post-filtration analysis was conducted on key water quality parameters, including Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Ammonia (NH₃), Nitrite (NO₂), and Total Bacterial Count (CFU/mL). Results indicated that the sand filter system effectively reduced TOC by 20.99% and bacterial load by 13.18%. However, ammonia removal was minimal at 1.04%, and nitrite levels rose significantly by 23.93% after filtration. These findings indicate that while sand filters effectively reduce organic and microbial pollutants, they are inadequate for managing nitrogen compounds. The novelty of this study lies in its use of sand filtration in operational, high-salinity aquaculture environments, a context that remains insufficiently explored in existing research literature. Further integration with biological filtration systems is advised to boost nitrogen removal and enhance overall treatment efficiency.

## Keywords
- Sand filter
- Aquaculture
- Brackish water
- Water quality
- Environmental science
- Raw water
- Filtration (mathematics)
- Environmental engineering
- Water treatment
- Context (archaeology)
- Total organic carbon
- Pulp and paper industry
- Filter (signal processing)
- Nitrite
- Waste management
- Raw material
- Sewage treatment
- Effluent
- Chemical oxygen demand
- Recirculating aquaculture system
- Backwashing
- Groundwater
- Nitrogen
- Constructed wetland
- Biofilter

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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